2024-05-16 17:34 [PATCH] tracing/treewide: Remove second parameter of __assign_str()
2024-05-14 18:16 [PATCH v5 0/7] Linux RISC-V IOMMU Support 8+ messages
2024-05-13 23:13 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu: Don't disable next-page prefetcher on devices it works on 2+ messages
2024-05-13 21:54 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Skip prefetch cmd for MMU-600, MMU-700 2+ messages
2024-05-10 10:50 [git pull] IOMMU Fixes for Linux v6.9-rc5 2+ messages
2024-05-10 0:06 [PATCH v4 22/66] selftests/iommu: Drop duplicate -D_GNU_SOURCE
2024-05-09 19:58 [PATCH v3 24/68] selftests/iommu: Drop duplicate -D_GNU_SOURCE
2024-05-09 17:45 [PATCH rc] iommu/arm-smmu: Use the correct type in nvidia_smmu_context_fault() 6+ messages
2024-05-09 16:55 Oops on nvidia orin system booting the eln 6.9-rc7 kernel 3+ messages
2024-05-09 14:46 [PATCH] dma: fix DMA sync for drivers not calling dma_set_mask*() 6+ messages
2024-05-09 0:42 [PATCH v2 1/1] iommu/amd: Fix sysfs leak in iommu init 2+ messages
2024-05-08 18:57 [PATCH v7 09/14] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Keep track of arm_smmu_master_domain for SVA 39+ messages
2024-05-08 15:15 [PATCH v1 1/1] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Use *-y instead of *-objs in Makefile 2+ messages
2024-05-08 5:56 [PATCH v7 0/6] Add Tegra241 (Grace) CMDQV Support (part 1/2) 16+ messages
2024-05-07 21:38 [PATCH v2 0/5] Define _GNU_SOURCE for sources using 33+ messages
2024-05-07 14:25 [PATCH RFC RESEND 0/6] RISC-V IOMMU HPM and nested IOMMU support 16+ messages
2024-05-07 14:07 [RFC 0/6] RISC-V IOMMU HPM and nested IOMMU support 2+ messages
2024-05-07 13:21 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Make the kunit into a module 12+ messages
2024-05-07 11:20 [PATCH v6 0/7] dma: skip calling no-op sync ops when possible 18+ messages
2024-05-07 6:18 [PATCH 0/5] Enforce CPU cache flush for non-coherent device assignment 32+ messages
2024-05-07 2:32 [PATCH 1/1] iommu/amd: Fix sysfs leak in iommu init 2+ messages
2024-05-06 9:48 [PATCH net-next v5 0/7] dma: skip calling no-op sync ops when possible 13+ messages
2024-05-06 8:20 [PATCH] iommu/amd: Enable Guest Translation after reading IOMMU feature register 2+ messages
2024-05-04 11:47 [PATCH v2 0/4] dma-mapping: benchmark: fixes and error handling improvements 10+ messages
2024-05-04 4:30 [GIT PULL] dma-mapping fix for Linux 6.9 2+ messages
2024-05-03 18:37 [PATCH] dma-direct: Set SG_DMA_SWIOTLB flag for dma-direct 19+ messages
2024-05-03 18:35 [PATCH] swiotlb: iommu/dma: Clarify swiotlb options apply only to dma-direct 5+ messages
2024-05-03 16:12 [PATCH v4 0/7] Linux RISC-V IOMMU Support 22+ messages
2024-05-03 13:36 [PATCH 0/1][PULL REQUEST] iommu/vt-d: Fixes for intel iommu 3+ messages
2024-05-03 11:10 [GIT PULL] iommu/arm-smmu: Updates for 6.10 3+ messages
2024-05-03 8:27 [PATCH] iommu/exynos: trivial use of local dev variable
2024-05-02 16:18 [PATCH 0/2] dma-mapping: benchmark: adjust some error handling in do_map_benchmark 8+ messages
2024-05-02 9:37 [PATCH] swiotlb: Initialise restricted pool list_head when SWIOTLB_DYNAMIC=y 3+ messages
2024-05-01 20:13 [PATCH] iommu/dma: Respect SWIOTLB force_bounce 6+ messages
2024-05-01 15:16 [PATCH v4 1/1] Documentation/core-api: Add swiotlb documentation 7+ messages
2024-04-30 20:14 [linux-next:master] BUILD REGRESSION d04466706db5e241ee026f17b5f920e50dee26b5
2024-04-30 20:01 [PATCH v3 0/7] Linux RISC-V IOMMU Support 34+ messages
2024-04-30 17:21 [PATCH v9 2/9] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Make CD programming use arm_smmu_write_entry() 21+ messages
2024-04-30 15:24 [PATCH 0/9] iommu/amd: Add AMD IOMMU emulation support for SEV-SNP guest kernel 19+ messages
2024-04-30 14:57 [PATCH v5 0/9] IOMMUFD: Deliver IO page faults to user space 34+ messages
2024-04-30 13:43 [PATCH v3 0/4] iommu/smmuv3: Add IOMMUFD dirty tracking support for SMMUv3 11+ messages
2024-04-30 10:22 [PATCH] arm64: Properly clean up iommu-dma remnants 9+ messages
2024-04-30 4:43 [PATCH v6 1/6] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Pass in cmdq pointer to arm_smmu_cmdq_issue_cmdlist() 28+ messages
2024-04-29 15:13 [PATCH v3 1/1] Documentation/core-api: Add swiotlb documentation 10+ messages
2024-04-29 11:39 [PATCH 0/3] Enable PCIe ATS for devicetree boot 15+ messages
2024-04-29 11:17 [PATCH v1 1/1] iommu/amd: Fix compilation error 3+ messages
2024-04-28 3:20 [PATCH 1/1] iommu/vt-d: Decouple igfx_off from graphic identity mapping 3+ messages
2024-04-26 5:16 [PATCH][v2] iommu/iova: Consider NUMA affinity when allocating per-CPU iova_magazine 2+ messages
2024-04-26 3:43 [RFC v2 0/3] iommu/intel: Free empty page tables on unmaps 10+ messages
2024-04-25 14:41 [PATCH V3 0/2] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Add support for ECMDQ register mode 8+ messages
2024-04-25 14:31 [PATCH V3 2/2] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Ensure that a set of associated commands are inserted in the same ECMDQ
2024-04-25 14:30 [PATCH V3 1/2] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Add support for ECMDQ register mode
2024-04-25 14:30 [PATCH V3 0/2] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Add support for ECMDQ register mode
2024-04-25 10:17 [PATCH v2 1/1] iommu/amd: Fix memory leak in alloc_pci_segment() 2+ messages
2024-04-25 9:18 [PATCH] iommu/rockchip: Add missing check for of_find_device_by_node 2+ messages
2024-04-25 8:48 [PATCH 1/1] iommu/amd: Fix memory leak in alloc_pci_segment() 2+ messages
2024-04-24 15:02 [PATCH v2 1/1] Documentation/core-api: Add swiotlb documentation 5+ messages
2024-04-24 13:05 [PATCH] iommu/vt-d: No need to export dmar_platform_optin()
2024-04-24 7:16 [PATCH 00/18] [PULL REQUEST] Intel IOMMU updates for v6.10 20+ messages
2024-04-23 17:41 [PATCH v3 00/12] Coalesced Interrupt Delivery with posted MSI 14+ messages
2024-04-23 13:58 [PATCH net-next v4 0/7] dma: skip calling no-op sync ops when possible 15+ messages
2024-04-23 13:14 [PATCH v8 6/9] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Allocate the CD table entry in advance 11+ messages
2024-04-23 11:17 [PATCH v2] iommu/amd: Enhance def_domain_type to handle untrusted device 5+ messages
2024-04-22 23:20 [PATCH AUTOSEL 4.19 7/7] iommu: mtk: fix module autoloading 3+ messages
2024-04-22 23:20 [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.4 9/9] iommu: mtk: fix module autoloading
2024-04-22 23:19 [PATCH AUTOSEL 5.15 10/10] iommu: mtk: fix module autoloading
2024-04-22 23:18 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.1 19/19] iommu: mtk: fix module autoloading
2024-04-22 23:17 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.6 29/29] iommu: mtk: fix module autoloading
2024-04-22 23:14 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.8 43/43] iommu: mtk: fix module autoloading
2024-04-19 17:29 [GIT PULL] Please pull IOMMUFD subsystem changes 2+ messages
2024-04-19 16:55 [PATCH 0/4] iommu: Remove iommu_fwspec ops 9+ messages
2024-04-19 16:54 [PATCH v4 0/7] iommu, dma-mapping: Simplify arch_setup_dma_ops() 23+ messages
2024-04-19 11:47 [PATCH] iommu/amd: Enhance def_domain_type to handle untrusted device 7+ messages
2024-04-19 11:42 [PATCH] dt-bindings: iommu: renesas,ipmmu-vmsa: add r8a779h0 support 4+ messages
2024-04-18 16:32 [PATCH v2 0/7] Linux RISC-V IOMMU Support 30+ messages
2024-04-18 14:15 [PATCH v4 0/2] Enable JPEG encoding on rk3588 6+ messages
2024-04-18 13:52 [PATCH 1/1] Documentation/core-api: Add swiotlb documentation 3+ messages
2024-04-18 10:33 [PATCH v8 00/15] iommu/amd: SVA Support (Part 4) - SVA and IOPF 24+ messages
2024-04-17 20:06 [PATCH 0/2] Small qcom_iommu cleanups 5+ messages
2024-04-17 13:37 [PATCH v8 6/7] iommu/arm-smmu-qcom: Use the custom fault handler on more platforms 11+ messages
2024-04-16 19:28 [PATCH v7 0/9] Make the SMMUv3 CD logic match the new STE design (part 2a/3) 48+ messages
2024-04-16 13:00 [PATCH] iommu: Fix def_domain_type interaction with untrusted devices 13+ messages
2024-04-16 8:06 [PATCH v3 00/12] Consolidate domain cache invalidation 22+ messages
2024-04-15 6:56 [PATCH] iommu/iova: Consider NUMA affinity when allocating memory for per-CPU iova_magazine 3+ messages
2024-04-15 2:07 [PATCH v2 1/1] mm: change inlined allocation helpers to account at the call site 2+ messages
2024-04-15 1:38 [PATCH v3 1/1] iommu/vt-d: Remove caching mode check before device TLB flush 11+ messages
2024-04-14 16:23 [PATCH] iommu/intel: Use try_cmpxchg64{,_local}() in iommu.c 3+ messages
2024-04-14 5:09 [GIT PULL] dma-mapping fіxes for Linux 6.9 2+ messages
2024-04-13 22:04 Kernel 6.7 regression doesn't boot if using AMD eGPU 17+ messages
2024-04-13 3:46 [PATCH RFCv1 01/14] iommufd: Move iommufd_object to public iommufd header 43+ messages
2024-04-13 3:43 [PATCH v5 0/6] Add Tegra241 (Grace) CMDQV Support (part 1/2) 16+ messages
2024-04-13 0:25 [PATCH v6 00/11] IOMMU memory observability 13+ messages
2024-04-12 18:04 [git pull] IOMMU Fixes for Linux v6.9-rc3 2+ messages
2024-04-12 15:15 [PATCH v3 1/2] media: dt-binding: media: Document rk3588’s VEPU121 5+ messages
2024-04-12 8:21 [PATCH v2 0/4] vfio-pci support pasid attach/detach 72+ messages
2024-04-12 8:15 [PATCH v2 00/12] iommufd support pasid attach/replace 50+ messages
2024-04-11 17:12 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu: Convert to domain_alloc_paging() 2+ messages
2024-04-11 9:05 [PATCH][next] iommu/vt-d: remove redundant assignment to variable err 2+ messages
2024-04-11 3:07 [PATCH 0/3] [PULL REQUEST] iommu/vt-d: Fixes for v6.9-rc3 6+ messages
2024-04-10 22:13 [PATCH v2 0/7] PCI/MSI: Remove IMS (Interrupt Message Store) support for now 15+ messages
2024-04-10 16:41 [PATCH] iommu: mtk: fix module autoloading 2+ messages
2024-04-10 10:16 [PATCH] iommu/amd: Change log message severity 2+ messages
2024-04-10 8:57 [PATCH v3 rc] iommu/amd: Do not enable SNP when V2 page table is enabled 2+ messages
2024-04-10 5:58 [PATCH v2 1/1] iommu/vt-d: Remove caching mode check before device TLB flush 9+ messages
2024-04-10 2:08 [PATCH v2 00/12] Consolidate domain cache invalidation 24+ messages
2024-04-09 6:17 [PATCH RFC v2 5/5] arm64: mm: take DMA zone offset into account 6+ messages
2024-04-09 5:13 [PATCH v2 rc] iommu/amd: Do not enable SNP when V2 page table is enabled 3+ messages
2024-04-08 4:11 [PATCH 1/2] swiotlb: Remove alloc_size argument to swiotlb_tbl_map_single() 11+ messages
2024-04-07 14:42 [PATCH 1/2] iommu/vt-d: Avoid unnecessary device TLB flush in map path 21+ messages
2024-04-07 1:14 [PATCH 1/1] iommu/vt-d: Fix WARN_ON in iommu probe path 7+ messages
2024-04-05 22:30 [PATCH v2 00/13] Coalesced Interrupt Delivery with posted MSI 47+ messages
2024-04-05 16:52 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Retire disable_bypass parameter 4+ messages
2024-04-05 13:54 Re: [PATCH v6 13/37] lib: add allocation tagging support for memory allocation profiling 4+ messages
2024-04-04 16:54 [PATCH 1/1] mm: change inlined allocation helpers to account at the call site 14+ messages
2024-04-04 10:37 [PATCH rc] iommu/amd: Do not enable SNP when V2 page table is enabled 3+ messages
2024-04-04 10:27 [PATCH rc] iommu/amd: Fix possible irq lock inversion dependency issue 2+ messages
2024-04-03 23:45 [PATCH 1/2] iommu/vt-d: Rename fault IRQ variable 6+ messages
2024-04-03 21:40 [PATCH] iommu/vt-d: Allocate local memory for page request queue 3+ messages
2024-04-03 8:06 [PATCH 00/34] address all -Wunused-const warnings 6+ messages
2024-04-03 5:37 [PATCH v2] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Free MSIs in case of ENOMEM 6+ messages
2024-04-03 1:15 [PATCH v4 0/9] IOMMUFD: Deliver IO page faults to user space 28+ messages
2024-04-02 21:22 sa8775p-ride: What's a normal SMMU TLB sync time? 3+ messages
2024-04-01 6:07 [PATCH] iommu/vt-d: fix wrong use of pasid config 3+ messages
2024-03-31 8:43 [PATCH v2 00/25] virtio: store owner from modules with register_virtio_driver() 39+ messages
2024-03-29 21:06 [PATCH v7 6/7] iommu/arm-smmu-qcom: Use the custom fault handler on more platforms 12+ messages
2024-03-29 19:28 [PATCH] swiotlb: Do not set total_used to 0 in swiotlb_create_debugfs_files() 9+ messages
2024-03-29 12:45 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.1 28/52] dma-direct: Leak pages on dma_set_decrypted() failure
2024-03-29 12:42 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.6 45/75] dma-direct: Leak pages on dma_set_decrypted() failure
2024-03-29 12:37 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.8 63/98] dma-direct: Leak pages on dma_set_decrypted() failure 2+ messages
2024-03-29 12:31 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.1 19/31] dma-direct: Leak pages on dma_set_decrypted() failure
2024-03-29 12:29 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.6 36/52] dma-direct: Leak pages on dma_set_decrypted() failure
2024-03-29 12:25 [PATCH AUTOSEL 6.8 50/68] dma-direct: Leak pages on dma_set_decrypted() failure 2+ messages
2024-03-29 9:51 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Free MSIs in case of ENOMEM 2+ messages
2024-03-29 6:14 [PATCH v4 0/6] Add Tegra241 (Grace) CMDQV Support (part 1/2) 8+ messages
2024-03-28 12:29 [PATCH v2 0/2] Two enhancements to iommu_at[de]tach_device_pasid() 14+ messages
2024-03-28 8:18 [git pull] IOMMU Fixes for Linux v6.9-rc1 2+ messages
2024-03-27 18:13 [GIT PULL] iommu/arm-smmu: Fixes for 6.9-rc 2+ messages
2024-03-27 18:07 [PATCH v6 10/29] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Make arm_smmu_alloc_cd_ptr() 37+ messages
2024-03-27 13:41 [PATCH rc] iommu: Validate the PASID in iommu_attach_device_pasid() 8+ messages
2024-03-27 13:41 [PATCH v2 1/2] media: dt-binding: media: Document rk3588’s VEPU121 11+ messages
2024-03-27 12:54 [PATCH 0/2] Two enhancements to iommu_at[de]tach_device_pasid() 12+ messages
2024-03-27 12:40 [PATCH 00/22] virtio: store owner from modules with register_virtio_driver() 39+ messages
2024-03-27 3:45 [PATCH 1/1] swiotlb: Fix swiotlb_bounce() to do partial sync's correctly 9+ messages
2024-03-25 9:00 [PATCH] selftests: iommu: add config needed for iommufd_fail_nth 18+ messages
2024-03-25 8:31 [PATCH v4 0/2] swiotlb: allocate padding slots if necessary 7+ messages
2024-03-25 2:17 [PATCH 11/12] iommu: Add ops->domain_alloc_sva() 44+ messages
2024-03-24 12:28 [PATCH 0/3] iommu/smmu-v3: support suspend/resume 10+ messages
2024-03-24 0:07 [GIT PULL] dma-mapping fixes for Linux 6.9 2+ messages
2024-03-23 13:49 dma pool: swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:9, mode:0xcc1(GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA), nodemask=(null)
2024-03-23 13:46 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Fix access for STE.SHCFG 3+ messages
2024-03-21 20:50 [PATCH v2] iommu/vt-d: Allocate DMAR fault interrupts locally 9+ messages
2024-03-21 17:19 [PATCH v3 0/2] swiotlb: allocate padding slots if necessary 13+ messages
2024-03-21 16:36 [PATCH v6 00/37] Memory allocation profiling 80+ messages
2024-03-20 19:15 Re: [PATCH 1/4] dt-bindings: iommu: rockchip: Fix rk3588 variant 11+ messages
2024-03-18 13:04 [PATCH v2 1/2] swiotlb: extend buffer pre-padding to alloc_align_mask if necessary 6+ messages
2024-03-14 7:49 Why is the ARM SMMU v1/v2 put into bypass mode on kexec? 12+ messages
2024-03-13 12:19 [PATCH] direct-dma: WARN_ON_ONCE when the page is not addressable by device's coherent_dma_mask 2+ messages
2024-03-13 10:13 Query on ARM SMMUv3 nested support 9+ messages
2024-03-13 9:27 [PATCH 1/1] swiotlb: add a KUnit test suite 8+ messages
2024-03-12 13:41 [PATCH 1/1] swiotlb: extend buffer pre-padding to alloc_align_mask if necessary 6+ messages
2024-03-12 6:35 [BUG] seltests/iommu: runaway ./iommufd consuming 99% CPU after a failed assert() 14+ messages
2024-03-11 13:29 [GIT PULL] dma-mapping updates for Linux 6.9 2+ messages
2024-03-11 9:49 [PATCH v5 0/2] Add support for multiple coherent memory regions 8+ messages
2024-03-11 9:11 [git pull] IOMMU Updates for Linux v6.9 2+ messages
2024-03-11 9:08 [PATCH v7 00/15] iommu/amd: SVA Support (Part 4) - SVA and IOPF 16+ messages
2024-03-09 13:31 [PATCH v2 0/2] Describe SC8280XP PCIe SMMU 8+ messages
2024-03-08 15:28 [PATCH v6 0/6] Fix double allocation in swiotlb_alloc() 30+ messages
2024-03-08 10:38 [PATCH 0/2] iommu/vt-d: Remove use of private data field 4+ messages
2024-03-08 9:53 [PATCH v4 0/2] Add support for multiple coherent memory regions 7+ messages
2024-03-07 19:44 [PATCH] iommu: fix compilation without CONFIG_IOMMU_INTEL 3+ messages
2024-03-07 19:05 [PATCH v6 0/7] Add support for Translation Buffer Units 10+ messages
2024-03-07 5:27 [PATCH] iommu/amd: Fix sleeping in atomic context 2+ messages
2024-03-06 18:23 [PATCH v5 00/37] Memory allocation profiling 60+ messages
2024-03-05 14:48 iommu ivhd0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST device=0000:00:00.0 pasid=0x00000 address=0xfffffffdf8000000 flags=0x0a00] 6+ messages
2024-03-05 11:18 [RFC RESEND 00/16] Split IOMMU DMA mapping operation to two steps 59+ messages
2024-03-05 1:33 [PATCH v3 0/5] iommu: Fix domain check on release 13+ messages
2024-03-04 23:43 [PATCH v5 01/27] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Do not allow a SVA domain to be set on the wrong PASID 116+ messages
2024-03-04 19:50 [PATCH] iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Add cpu_to_le64() around STRTAB_STE_0_V 2+ messages
2024-02-29 20:07 [PATCH] Allocate DMAR fault interrupts locally 11+ messages
2024-02-23 21:21 [PATCH v2 0/7] A702 support 15+ messages
2024-02-23 17:56 [FYI][PATCH] tracing/treewide: Remove second parameter of __assign_str() 9+ messages
2024-02-23 9:40 [PATCH] iommu: Avoid races around default domain allocations 6+ messages
2024-02-22 17:39 [PATCH v5 00/11] IOMMU memory observability 23+ messages
2024-02-22 9:49 [PATCH v2 0/4] iommu/smmuv3: Add IOMMUFD dirty tracking support for SMMUv3 36+ messages
2024-02-21 19:40 [PATCH v4 00/36] Memory allocation profiling 97+ messages
2024-02-16 11:03 [PATCH v3 0/7] drm/msm: Add support for the A750 GPU found on the SM8650 platform 13+ messages
2024-02-15 13:52 [PATCH] powerpc/iommu: Refactor spapr_tce_platform_iommu_attach_dev() 2+ messages
2024-02-09 16:49 [PATCH v3 0/7] dma-mapping: Simplify arch_setup_dma_ops() 17+ messages
2024-02-09 11:29 [PATCH v6 00/15] iommu/amd: SVA Support (Part 4) - SVA and IOPF 36+ messages
2024-01-26 23:42 [PATCH 00/15] Coalesced Interrupt Delivery with posted MSI 34+ messages
2024-01-23 14:45 [PATCH v9 0/5] iommu/arm-smmu: introduction of ACTLR implementation for Qualcomm SoCs 21+ messages
2024-01-22 7:38 [PATCH v3 0/8] IOMMUFD: Deliver IO page faults to user space 43+ messages
2024-01-19 14:45 DMAR-IR: IRQ remapping was enabled on dmar6 but we are not in kdump mode 8+ messages
2024-01-14 14:36 Re: ath11k and vfio-pci support 9+ messages
2024-01-12 0:06 [RFCv2 PATCH 0/7] iommu/amd: Introduce hardware info reporting and nested translation support 18+ messages
2023-11-27 6:34 [PATCH 0/8] iommufd support pasid attach/replace 36+ messages
2023-09-28 15:04 [PATCH 0/5] AVIC bugfixes and workarounds 14+ messages
2023-07-19 19:33 [PATCH 00/13] Linux RISC-V IOMMU Support 86+ messages
2023-06-02 8:50 [PATCH v3 5/7] clk: renesas: rzg2l: Convert to readl_poll_timeout_atomic() 13+ messages
2022-11-29 20:29 [PATCH v6 04/19] scripts/kernel-doc: support EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL() with -export 39+ messages
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for read-only IMAP folder(s) and NNTP newsgroup(s).