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-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/Config.pm5
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/ExtSearchIdx.pm8
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/Fetch.pm11
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/Git.pm30
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/Import.pm8
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/LeiBlob.pm9
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/LeiMirror.pm29
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/LeiRediff.pm9
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/RepoAtom.pm20
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/RepoSnapshot.pm12
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/RepoTree.pm4
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/Search.pm20
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/SearchIdx.pm5
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/SolverGit.pm14
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/TestCommon.pm2
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm4
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/ViewVCS.pm14
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/XapHelper.pm18
-rw-r--r--lib/PublicInbox/xap_helper.h36
19 files changed, 162 insertions, 96 deletions
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/Config.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/Config.pm
index d6300610..49659a2e 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/Config.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/Config.pm
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use v5.10.1;
 use parent qw(Exporter);
 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(glob2re rel2abs_collapsed);
 use PublicInbox::Inbox;
+use PublicInbox::Git qw(git_exe);
 use PublicInbox::Spawn qw(popen_rd run_qx);
 our $LD_PRELOAD = $ENV{LD_PRELOAD}; # only valid at startup
 our $DEDUPE; # set to {} to dedupe or clear cache
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ sub git_config_dump {
                 unshift(@opt_c, '-c', "include.path=$file") if defined($file);
                 tmp_cmd_opt(\%env, $opt);
         }
-        my @cmd = ('git', @opt_c, qw(config -z -l --includes));
+        my @cmd = (git_exe, @opt_c, qw(config -z -l --includes));
         push(@cmd, '-f', $file) if !@opt_c && defined($file);
         my $fh = popen_rd(\@cmd, \%env, $opt);
         my $rv = config_fh_parse($fh, "\0", "\n");
@@ -608,7 +609,7 @@ sub config_cmd {
         my ($self, $env, $opt) = @_;
         my $f = $self->{-f} // default_file();
         my @opt_c = @{$self->{-opt_c} // []};
-        my @cmd = ('git', @opt_c, 'config');
+        my @cmd = (git_exe, @opt_c, 'config');
         @opt_c ? tmp_cmd_opt($env, $opt) : push(@cmd, '-f', $f);
         \@cmd;
 }
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/ExtSearchIdx.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/ExtSearchIdx.pm
index 763a124c..883dbea3 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/ExtSearchIdx.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/ExtSearchIdx.pm
@@ -1287,11 +1287,11 @@ sub idx_init { # similar to V2Writable
         ($has_new || $prune_nr || $new ne '') and
                 $self->{mg}->write_alternates($mode, $alt, $new);
         my $restore = $self->with_umask;
-        if ($git_midx) {
-                my @cmd = ('multi-pack-index');
-                push @cmd, '--no-progress' if ($opt->{quiet}//0) > 1;
+        if ($git_midx && ($opt->{'multi-pack-index'} // 1)) {
+                my $cmd = $self->git->cmd('multi-pack-index');
+                push @$cmd, '--no-progress' if ($opt->{quiet}//0) > 1;
                 my $lk = $self->lock_for_scope;
-                system('git', "--git-dir=$ALL", @cmd, 'write');
+                system(@$cmd, 'write');
                 # ignore errors, fairly new command, may not exist
         }
         $self->parallel_init($self->{indexlevel});
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/Fetch.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/Fetch.pm
index b0f1437c..814d6e8e 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/Fetch.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/Fetch.pm
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use PublicInbox::LeiCurl;
 use PublicInbox::LeiMirror;
 use PublicInbox::SHA qw(sha_all);
 use File::Temp ();
+use PublicInbox::Git qw(git_exe);
 
 sub new { bless {}, __PACKAGE__ }
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ sub remote_url ($$) {
         my ($lei, $dir) = @_;
         my $rn = $lei->{opt}->{'try-remote'} // [ 'origin', '_grokmirror' ];
         for my $r (@$rn) {
-                my $cmd = [ qw(git config), "remote.$r.url" ];
+                my $cmd = [ git_exe, 'config', "remote.$r.url" ];
                 my $url = run_qx($cmd, undef, { -C => $dir, 2 => $lei->{2} });
                 next if $?;
                 $url =~ s!/*\n!!s;
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ sub do_manifest ($$$) {
 
 sub get_fingerprint2 {
         my ($git_dir) = @_;
-        my $rd = popen_rd([qw(git show-ref)], undef, { -C => $git_dir });
+        my $rd = popen_rd([git_exe, 'show-ref'], undef, { -C => $git_dir });
         sha_all(256, $rd)->digest; # ignore show-ref errors
 }
 
@@ -132,8 +133,8 @@ sub do_fetch { # main entry point
                                 warn "W: $edir missing remote.*.url\n";
                                 my $o = { -C => $edir };
                                 $o->{1} = $o->{2} = $lei->{2};
-                                run_wait([qw(git config -l)], undef, $o) and
-                                        $lei->child_error($?);
+                                run_wait([git_exe, qw(config -l)], undef, $o)
+                                        and $lei->child_error($?);
                         }
                 }
                 @epochs = grep { !$skip->{$_} } @epochs if $skip;
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ EOM
                 my $opt = {}; # for spawn
                 if (-d $d) {
                         $fp2->[0] = get_fingerprint2($d) if $fp2;
-                        $cmd = [ @$torsocks, 'git', "--git-dir=$d",
+                        $cmd = [ @$torsocks, git_exe, "--git-dir=$d",
                                PublicInbox::LeiMirror::fetch_args($lei, $opt)];
                 } else {
                         my $e_uri = $ibx_uri->clone;
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/Git.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/Git.pm
index aea389e8..a9a821ad 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/Git.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/Git.pm
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package PublicInbox::Git;
 use strict;
 use v5.10.1;
 use parent qw(Exporter PublicInbox::DS);
+use PublicInbox::DS qw(now);
 use autodie qw(socketpair read);
 use POSIX ();
 use Socket qw(AF_UNIX SOCK_STREAM);
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ use PublicInbox::SHA qw(sha_all);
 our %HEXLEN2SHA = (40 => 1, 64 => 256);
 our %OFMT2HEXLEN = (sha1 => 40, sha256 => 64);
 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(git_unquote git_quote %HEXLEN2SHA %OFMT2HEXLEN
-                        $ck_unlinked_packs);
+                        $ck_unlinked_packs git_exe);
 our $in_cleanup;
 our $async_warn; # true in read-only daemons
 
@@ -54,7 +55,11 @@ my %ESC_GIT = map { $GIT_ESC{$_} => $_ } keys %GIT_ESC;
 my $EXE_ST = ''; # pack('dd', st_dev, st_ino); # no `q' in some 32-bit builds
 my ($GIT_EXE, $GIT_VER);
 
-sub check_git_exe () {
+sub git_exe () {
+        my $now = now;
+        state $next_check = $now - 10;
+        return $GIT_EXE if $now < $next_check;
+        $next_check = $now + 10;
         $GIT_EXE = which('git') // die "git not found in $ENV{PATH}";
         my @st = stat(_) or die "stat($GIT_EXE): $!"; # can't do HiRes w/ _
         my $st = pack('dd', $st[0], $st[1]);
@@ -69,8 +74,8 @@ sub check_git_exe () {
         $GIT_EXE;
 }
 
-sub git_version {
-        check_git_exe();
+sub git_version () {
+        git_exe;
         $GIT_VER;
 }
 
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ sub _sock_cmd {
 
         # git 2.31.0+ supports -c core.abbrev=no, don't bother with
         # core.abbrev=64 since not many releases had SHA-256 prior to 2.31
-        my $abbr = $GIT_VER lt v2.31.0 ? 40 : 'no';
+        my $abbr = git_version lt v2.31.0 ? 40 : 'no';
         my @cmd = ($GIT_EXE, "--git-dir=$gd", '-c', "core.abbrev=$abbr",
                         'cat-file', "--$batch");
         if ($err_c) {
@@ -287,8 +292,7 @@ sub cat_async_wait ($) {
 
 sub batch_prepare ($) {
         my ($self) = @_;
-        check_git_exe();
-        if ($GIT_VER ge BATCH_CMD_VER) {
+        if (git_version ge BATCH_CMD_VER) {
                 $self->{-bc} = 1;
                 _sock_cmd($self, 'batch-command', 1);
         } else {
@@ -344,8 +348,7 @@ sub ck {
 sub check_async_begin ($) {
         my ($self) = @_;
         cleanup($self) if alternates_changed($self);
-        check_git_exe();
-        if ($GIT_VER ge BATCH_CMD_VER) {
+        if (git_version ge BATCH_CMD_VER) {
                 $self->{-bc} = 1;
                 _sock_cmd($self, 'batch-command', 1);
         } else {
@@ -421,15 +424,15 @@ sub async_err ($$$$$) {
 
 sub cmd {
         my $self = shift;
-        [ $GIT_EXE // check_git_exe(), "--git-dir=$self->{git_dir}", @_ ]
+        [ git_exe(), "--git-dir=$self->{git_dir}", @_ ]
 }
 
 # $git->popen(qw(show f00)); # or
 # $git->popen(qw(show f00), { GIT_CONFIG => ... }, { 2 => ... });
 sub popen {
         my ($self, $cmd) = splice(@_, 0, 2);
-        $cmd = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$self->{git_dir}",
-                ref($cmd) ? @$cmd : ($cmd, grep { defined && !ref } @_) ];
+        $cmd = $self->cmd(ref($cmd) ? @$cmd :
+                        ($cmd, grep { defined && !ref } @_));
         popen_rd($cmd, grep { !defined || ref } @_); # env and opt
 }
 
@@ -577,9 +580,8 @@ sub cloneurl {
 # templates/this--description in git.git
 sub manifest_entry {
         my ($self, $epoch, $default_desc) = @_;
-        check_git_exe();
         my $gd = $self->{git_dir};
-        my @git = ($GIT_EXE, "--git-dir=$gd");
+        my @git = (git_exe, "--git-dir=$gd");
         my $sr = popen_rd([@git, 'show-ref']);
         my $own = popen_rd([@git, qw(config gitweb.owner)]);
         my $mod = popen_rd([@git, @MODIFIED_DATE]);
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/Import.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/Import.pm
index ed34d548..fefc282a 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/Import.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/Import.pm
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ sub gfi_start {
                         die "fatal: ls-tree -r -z --name-only $ref: \$?=$?" if $?;
                         $self->{-tree} = { map { $_ => 1 } split(/\0/, $t) };
                 }
-                my $gfi = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$git->{git_dir}", qw(fast-import
-                                --quiet --done --date-format=raw) ];
+                my $gfi = $git->cmd(qw(fast-import
+                                        --quiet --done --date-format=raw));
                 my $pid = spawn($gfi, undef, { 0 => $s2, 1 => $s2 });
                 $self->{nchg} = 0;
                 $self->{io} = PublicInbox::IO::attach_pid($io, $pid);
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ sub _update_git_info ($$) {
         # for compatibility with existing ssoma installations
         # we can probably remove this entirely by 2020
         my $git_dir = $self->{git}->{git_dir};
-        my @cmd = ('git', "--git-dir=$git_dir");
+        my @cmd = @{$self->{git}->cmd};
         my $index = "$git_dir/ssoma.index";
         if (-e $index && !$ENV{FAST}) {
                 my $env = { GIT_INDEX_FILE => $index };
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ sub replace_oids {
         chomp(my $cmt = $self->get_mark(":$mark")) if $nreplace;
         $self->{nchg} = 0; # prevent _update_git_info until update-ref:
         $self->done;
-        my @git = ('git', "--git-dir=$git->{git_dir}");
+        my @git = @{$git->cmd};
 
         run_die([@git, qw(update-ref), $old, $tmp]) if $nreplace;
 
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/LeiBlob.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/LeiBlob.pm
index 00697097..7b2ea434 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/LeiBlob.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/LeiBlob.pm
@@ -36,14 +36,13 @@ sub solver_user_cb { # called by solver when done
         ref($res) eq 'ARRAY' or return $lei->child_error(0, $$log_buf);
         $lei->qerr($$log_buf);
         my ($git, $oid, $type, $size, $di) = @$res;
-        my $gd = $git->{git_dir};
 
         # don't try to support all the git-show(1) options for non-blob,
         # this is just a convenience:
-        $type ne 'blob' and
-                warn "# $oid is a $type of $size bytes in:\n#\t$gd\n";
-
-        my $cmd = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$gd", 'show', $oid ];
+        $type ne 'blob' and warn <<EOM;
+# $oid is a $type of $size bytes in:\n#\t$git->{git_dir}
+EOM
+        my $cmd = $git->cmd('show', $oid);
         my $rdr = { 1 => $lei->{1}, 2 => $lei->{2} };
         run_wait($cmd, $lei->{env}, $rdr) and $lei->child_error($?);
 }
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/LeiMirror.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/LeiMirror.pm
index 08e61e4b..e7c265bd 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/LeiMirror.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/LeiMirror.pm
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use POSIX qw(strftime);
 use PublicInbox::Admin qw(fmt_localtime);
 use autodie qw(chdir chmod close open pipe readlink
                 seek symlink sysopen sysseek truncate unlink);
+use PublicInbox::Git qw(git_exe);
 
 our $LIVE; # pid => callback
 our $FGRP_TODO; # objstore -> [[ to resume ], [ to clone ]]
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ E: confused by scraping <$uri>, got ambiguous results:
 
 sub clone_cmd {
         my ($lei, $opt) = @_;
-        my @cmd = qw(git);
+        my @cmd = (git_exe);
         $opt->{$_} = $lei->{$_} for (0..2);
         # we support "-c $key=$val" for arbitrary git config options
         # e.g.: git -c http.proxy=socks5h://127.0.0.1:9050
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ sub upr { # feed `git update-ref --stdin -z' verbosely
 sub start_update_ref {
         my ($fgrp) = @_;
         pipe(my $r, my $w);
-        my $cmd = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$fgrp->{cur_dst}",
+        my $cmd = [ git_exe, "--git-dir=$fgrp->{cur_dst}",
                 qw(update-ref --stdin -z) ];
         my $pack = on_destroy \&satellite_done, $fgrp;
         start_cmd($fgrp, $cmd, { 0 => $r, 2 => $fgrp->{lei}->{2} }, $pack);
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ sub satellite_done {
 
 sub pack_refs {
         my ($self, $git_dir) = @_;
-        my $cmd = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$git_dir", qw(pack-refs --all --prune) ];
+        my $cmd = [git_exe, "--git-dir=$git_dir", qw(pack-refs --all --prune)];
         start_cmd($self, $cmd, { 2 => $self->{lei}->{2} });
 }
 
@@ -374,14 +375,15 @@ sub fgrpv_done {
                 my $rn = $fgrp->{-remote};
                 my %opt = ( 2 => $fgrp->{lei}->{2} );
                 my $update_ref = on_destroy \&fgrp_update, $fgrp;
-                my $src = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$fgrp->{-osdir}", 'for-each-ref',
+                my $src = [ git_exe, "--git-dir=$fgrp->{-osdir}",
+                        'for-each-ref',
                         "--format=refs/%(refname:lstrip=3)%00%(objectname)",
                         "refs/remotes/$rn/" ];
                 open(my $sfh, '+>', undef);
                 $fgrp->{srcfh} = $sfh;
                 start_cmd($fgrp, $src, { %opt, 1 => $sfh }, $update_ref);
-                my $dst = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$fgrp->{cur_dst}", 'for-each-ref',
-                        '--format=%(refname)%00%(objectname)' ];
+                my $dst = [ git_exe, "--git-dir=$fgrp->{cur_dst}",
+                        'for-each-ref', '--format=%(refname)%00%(objectname)' ];
                 open(my $dfh, '+>', undef);
                 $fgrp->{dstfh} = $dfh;
                 start_cmd($fgrp, $dst, { %opt, 1 => $dfh }, $update_ref);
@@ -399,7 +401,7 @@ sub fgrp_fetch_all {
         # system argv limits:
         my $grp = 'fgrptmp';
 
-        my @git = (@{$self->{-torsocks}}, 'git');
+        my @git = (@{$self->{-torsocks}}, git_exe);
         my $j = $self->{lei}->{opt}->{jobs};
         my $opt = {};
         my @fetch = do {
@@ -413,7 +415,7 @@ sub fgrp_fetch_all {
                 my ($old, $new) = @$fgrp_old_new;
                 @$old = sort { $b->{-sort} <=> $a->{-sort} } @$old;
                 # $new is ordered by {references}
-                my $cmd = ['git', "--git-dir=$osdir", qw(config -f), $f ];
+                my $cmd = [ git_exe, "--git-dir=$osdir", qw(config -f), $f ];
 
                 # clobber settings from previous run atomically
                 for ("remotes.$grp", 'fetch.hideRefs') {
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ sub cmp_fp_do {
                 return if $cur_ent->{fingerprint} eq $new;
         }
         my $dst = $self->{cur_dst} // $self->{dst};
-        my $cmd = ['git', "--git-dir=$dst", 'show-ref'];
+        my $cmd = [git_exe, "--git-dir=$dst", 'show-ref'];
         my $opt = { 2 => $self->{lei}->{2} };
         open($opt->{1}, '+>', undef);
         $self->{-show_ref} = $opt->{1};
@@ -555,7 +557,7 @@ sub resume_fetch {
         my ($self, $uri, $fini) = @_;
         return if !keep_going($self);
         my $dst = $self->{cur_dst} // $self->{dst};
-        my @git = ('git', "--git-dir=$dst");
+        my @git = (git_exe, "--git-dir=$dst");
         my $opt = { 2 => $self->{lei}->{2} };
         my $rn = 'random'.int(rand(1 << 30));
         for ("url=$uri", "fetch=+refs/*:refs/*", 'mirror=true') {
@@ -755,7 +757,7 @@ sub update_ent {
         my $cur = $self->{-local_manifest}->{$key}->{fingerprint} // "\0";
         my $dst = $self->{cur_dst} // $self->{dst};
         if (defined($new) && $new ne $cur) {
-                my $cmd = ['git', "--git-dir=$dst", 'show-ref'];
+                my $cmd = [git_exe, "--git-dir=$dst", 'show-ref'];
                 my $opt = { 2 => $self->{lei}->{2} };
                 open($opt->{1}, '+>', undef);
                 $self->{-show_ref_up} = $opt->{1};
@@ -766,7 +768,7 @@ sub update_ent {
         $cur = $self->{-local_manifest}->{$key}->{head} // "\0";
         if (defined($new) && $new ne $cur) {
                 # n.b. grokmirror writes raw contents to $dst/HEAD w/o locking
-                my $cmd = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$dst" ];
+                my $cmd = [ git_exe, "--git-dir=$dst" ];
                 if ($new =~ s/\Aref: //) {
                         push @$cmd, qw(symbolic-ref HEAD), $new;
                 } elsif ($new =~ /\A[a-f0-9]{40,}\z/) {
@@ -811,7 +813,8 @@ sub update_ent {
         $cur = $self->{-local_manifest}->{$key}->{owner} // "\0";
         return if $cur eq $new;
         utf8::encode($new); # to octets
-        my $cmd = [ qw(git config -f), "$dst/config", 'gitweb.owner', $new ];
+        my $cmd = [ git_exe, qw(config -f), "$dst/config",
+                        'gitweb.owner', $new ];
         start_cmd($self, $cmd, { 2 => $self->{lei}->{2} });
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/LeiRediff.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/LeiRediff.pm
index 35728330..66359dd4 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/LeiRediff.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/LeiRediff.pm
@@ -119,17 +119,16 @@ EOM
                         map { $_->git_path('objects')."\n" } @{$self->{gits}};
                 $rw = PublicInbox::Git->new($d);
         }
-        my $w = popen_wr(['git', "--git-dir=$rw->{git_dir}",
-                        qw(fast-import --quiet --done --date-format=raw)],
+        my $w = popen_wr($rw->cmd(qw(fast-import
+                                --quiet --done --date-format=raw)),
                         $lei->{env}, { 2 => $lei->{2} });
         print $w $ta, "\n", $tb, "\ndone\n" or die "print fast-import: $!";
         $w->close or die "close w fast-import: \$?=$? \$!=$!";
 
-        my $cmd = [ 'diff' ];
+        my $cmd = $rw->cmd('diff');
         _lei_diff_prepare($lei, $cmd);
-        $lei->qerr("# git @$cmd");
+        $lei->qerr("# git @$cmd[2..$#$cmd]");
         push @$cmd, qw(A B);
-        unshift @$cmd, 'git', "--git-dir=$rw->{git_dir}";
         run_wait($cmd, $lei->{env}, { 2 => $lei->{2}, 1 => $lei->{1} }) and
                 $lei->child_error($?); # for git diff --exit-code
         undef;
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/RepoAtom.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/RepoAtom.pm
index ab0f2fcc..eb0ed3c7 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/RepoAtom.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/RepoAtom.pm
@@ -94,11 +94,10 @@ xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><pre style="white-space:pre-wrap">
 sub srv_tags_atom {
         my ($ctx) = @_;
         my $max = 50; # TODO configurable
-        my @cmd = ('git', "--git-dir=$ctx->{git}->{git_dir}",
-                        qw(for-each-ref --sort=-creatordate), "--count=$max",
-                        '--perl', $EACH_REF_FMT, 'refs/tags');
+        my $cmd = $ctx->{git}->cmd(qw(for-each-ref --sort=-creatordate),
+                        "--count=$max", '--perl', $EACH_REF_FMT, 'refs/tags');
         $ctx->{-feed_title} = "$ctx->{git}->{nick} tags";
-        my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new(\@cmd);
+        my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd);
         $ctx->{-is_tag} = 1;
         $qsp->psgi_yield($ctx->{env}, undef, \&atom_ok, $ctx);
 }
@@ -107,20 +106,19 @@ sub srv_atom {
         my ($ctx, $path) = @_;
         return if index($path, '//') >= 0 || index($path, '/') == 0;
         my $max = 50; # TODO configurable
-        my @cmd = ('git', "--git-dir=$ctx->{git}->{git_dir}",
-                        qw(log --no-notes --no-color --no-abbrev),
-                        $ATOM_FMT, "-$max");
+        my $cmd = $ctx->{git}->cmd(qw(log --no-notes --no-color --no-abbrev),
+                                $ATOM_FMT, "-$max");
         my $tip = $ctx->{qp}->{h}; # same as cgit
         $ctx->{-feed_title} = $ctx->{git}->{nick};
         $ctx->{-feed_title} .= " $path" if $path ne '';
         if (defined($tip)) {
-                push @cmd, $tip;
+                push @$cmd, $tip;
                 $ctx->{-feed_title} .= ", $tip";
         }
         # else: let git decide based on HEAD if $tip isn't defined
-        push @cmd, '--';
-        push @cmd, $path if $path ne '';
-        my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new(\@cmd, undef,
+        push @$cmd, '--';
+        push @$cmd, $path if $path ne '';
+        my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd, undef,
                                         { quiet => 1, 2 => $ctx->{lh} });
         $qsp->psgi_yield($ctx->{env}, undef, \&atom_ok, $ctx);
 }
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/RepoSnapshot.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/RepoSnapshot.pm
index 4c372569..bff97bc8 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/RepoSnapshot.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/RepoSnapshot.pm
@@ -50,15 +50,13 @@ sub ver_check { # git->check_async callback
                         delete($ctx->{env}->{'qspawn.wcb'})->(r(404));
         } else { # found, done:
                 $ctx->{etag} = $oid;
-                my @cfg;
+                my $cmd = $ctx->{git}->cmd;
                 if (my $cmd = $FMT_CFG{$ctx->{snap_fmt}}) {
-                        @cfg = ('-c', "tar.$ctx->{snap_fmt}.command=$cmd");
+                        push @$cmd, '-c', "tar.$ctx->{snap_fmt}.command=$cmd";
                 }
-                my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new(['git', @cfg,
-                                "--git-dir=$ctx->{git}->{git_dir}", 'archive',
-                                "--prefix=$ctx->{snap_pfx}/",
-                                "--format=$ctx->{snap_fmt}", $treeish], undef,
-                                { quiet => 1 });
+                push @$cmd, 'archive', "--prefix=$ctx->{snap_pfx}/",
+                                "--format=$ctx->{snap_fmt}", $treeish;
+                my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd, undef, { quiet => 1 });
                 $qsp->psgi_yield($ctx->{env}, undef, \&archive_hdr, $ctx);
         }
 }
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/RepoTree.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/RepoTree.pm
index 5c73531a..4c85f9a8 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/RepoTree.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/RepoTree.pm
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ sub find_missing {
                 $res->[0] = 404;
                 return delete($ctx->{-wcb})->($res);
         }
-        my $cmd = ['git', "--git-dir=$ctx->{git}->{git_dir}",
-                qw(log --no-color -1), '--pretty=%H %h %s (%as)' ];
+        my $cmd = $ctx->{git}->cmd(qw(log --no-color -1),
+                                '--pretty=%H %h %s (%as)');
         push @$cmd, $ctx->{qp}->{h} if defined($ctx->{qp}->{h});
         push @$cmd, '--';
         push @$cmd, $ctx->{-path};
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/Search.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/Search.pm
index fbdb48a3..e5c5d6ab 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/Search.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/Search.pm
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ our @XH_SPEC = (
         'K=i', # timeout kill after i seconds
         'O=s', # eidx_key
         'T=i', # threadid
+        'Q=s@', # query prefixes "$user_prefix[:=]$XPREFIX"
 );
 
 sub load_xapian () {
@@ -435,8 +436,8 @@ sub xhc_start_maybe (@) {
         $xhc;
 }
 
-sub xh_opt ($) {
-        my ($opt) = @_;
+sub xh_opt ($$) {
+        my ($self, $opt) = @_;
         my $lim = $opt->{limit} || 50;
         my @ret;
         push @ret, '-o', $opt->{offset} if $opt->{offset};
@@ -458,7 +459,16 @@ sub xh_opt ($) {
         push @ret, '-t' if $opt->{threads};
         push @ret, '-T', $opt->{threadid} if defined $opt->{threadid};
         push @ret, '-O', $opt->{eidx_key} if defined $opt->{eidx_key};
-        @ret;
+        my $apfx = $self->{-alt_pfx} //= do {
+                my @tmp;
+                for (grep /\Aserial:/, @{$self->{altid} // []}) {
+                        my (undef, $pfx) = split /:/, $_;
+                        push @tmp, '-Q', "$pfx=X\U$pfx";
+                }
+                # TODO: arbitrary header indexing goes here
+                \@tmp;
+        };
+        (@ret, @$apfx);
 }
 
 # returns a true value if actually handled asynchronously,
@@ -467,7 +477,7 @@ sub async_mset {
         my ($self, $qry_str, $opt, $cb, @args) = @_;
         if ($XHC) { # unconditionally retrieving pct + rank for now
                 xdb($self); # populate {nshards}
-                my @margs = ($self->xh_args, xh_opt($opt));
+                my @margs = ($self->xh_args, xh_opt($self, $opt));
                 my $ret = eval {
                         my $rd = $XHC->mkreq(undef, 'mset', @margs, $qry_str);
                         PublicInbox::XhcMset->maybe_new($rd, $self, $cb, @args);
@@ -630,7 +640,7 @@ EOM
                         $ret .= qq{\tqp->add_boolean_prefix("$name", "$_");\n}
                 }
         }
-        # TODO: altid support
+        # altid support is handled in xh_opt and srch_init_extra in XH
         for my $name (sort keys %prob_prefix) {
                 for (split(/ /, $prob_prefix{$name})) {
                         $ret .= qq{\tqp->add_prefix("$name", "$_");\n}
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/SearchIdx.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/SearchIdx.pm
index 1cbf6d23..4fd493d9 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/SearchIdx.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/SearchIdx.pm
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ sub load_xapian_writable () {
         my $ver = eval 'v'.join('.', eval($xap.'::major_version()'),
                                 eval($xap.'::minor_version()'),
                                 eval($xap.'::revision()'));
-        if ($ver ge 1.4) { # new flags in Xapian 1.4
+        if ($ver ge v1.4) { # new flags in Xapian 1.4
                 $DB_NO_SYNC = 0x4;
                 $DB_DANGEROUS = 0x10;
         }
@@ -1003,8 +1003,7 @@ sub prepare_stack ($$) {
 sub is_ancestor ($$$) {
         my ($git, $cur, $tip) = @_;
         return 0 unless $git->check($cur);
-        my $cmd = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$git->{git_dir}",
-                qw(merge-base --is-ancestor), $cur, $tip ];
+        my $cmd = $git->cmd(qw(merge-base --is-ancestor), $cur, $tip);
         run_wait($cmd) == 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/SolverGit.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/SolverGit.pm
index 296e7d17..b5f6b96e 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/SolverGit.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/SolverGit.pm
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use v5.10.1;
 use File::Temp 0.19 (); # 0.19 for ->newdir
 use autodie qw(mkdir);
 use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET);
-use PublicInbox::Git qw(git_unquote git_quote);
+use PublicInbox::Git qw(git_unquote git_quote git_exe);
 use PublicInbox::IO qw(write_file);
 use PublicInbox::MsgIter qw(msg_part_text);
 use PublicInbox::Qspawn;
@@ -136,6 +136,12 @@ sub extract_diff ($$) {
         if ($cte =~ /\bquoted-printable\b/i && $part->crlf eq "\n") {
                 $s =~ s/\r\n/\n/sg;
         }
+
+        # Quiet "Complex regular subexpression recursion limit" warning.
+        # Not much we can do about it, but it's no longer relevant to
+        # Perl 5.3x (the warning was removed in 5.37.1, and actual
+        # recursino sometime before then).
+        no warnings 'regexp';
         $s =~ m!( # $1 start header lines we save for debugging:
 
                 # everything before ^index is optional, but we don't
@@ -287,7 +293,7 @@ sub prepare_index ($) {
 
         dbg($self, 'preparing index');
         my $rdr = { 0 => $in };
-        my $cmd = [ qw(git update-index -z --index-info) ];
+        my $cmd = [ git_exe, qw(update-index -z --index-info) ];
         my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd, $self->{git_env}, $rdr);
         $path_a = git_quote($path_a);
         $self->{-msg} = "index prepared:\n$mode_a $oid_full\t$path_a";
@@ -467,7 +473,7 @@ sub apply_result ($$) { # qx_cb
                 skip_identical($self, $patches, $di->{oid_b});
         }
 
-        my @cmd = qw(git ls-files -s -z);
+        my @cmd = (git_exe, qw(ls-files -s -z));
         my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new(\@cmd, $self->{git_env});
         $self->{-cur_di} = $di;
         qsp_qx $self, $qsp, \&ls_files_result;
@@ -478,7 +484,7 @@ sub do_git_apply ($) {
         my $patches = $self->{patches};
 
         # we need --ignore-whitespace because some patches are CRLF
-        my @cmd = (qw(git apply --cached --ignore-whitespace
+        my @cmd = (git_exe, qw(apply --cached --ignore-whitespace
                         --unidiff-zero --whitespace=warn --verbose));
         my $len = length(join(' ', @cmd));
         my $di; # keep track of the last one for "git ls-files"
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/TestCommon.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/TestCommon.pm
index aeff5d1d..3a67ab54 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/TestCommon.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/TestCommon.pm
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ sub require_git_http_backend (;$) {
         my ($nr) = @_;
         state $ok = do {
                 require PublicInbox::Git;
-                my $git = PublicInbox::Git::check_git_exe() or plan
+                my $git = PublicInbox::Git::git_exe() or plan
                         skip_all => 'nothing in public-inbox works w/o git';
                 my $rdr = { 1 => \my $out, 2 => \my $err };
                 xsys([$git, qw(http-backend)], undef, $rdr);
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm
index 43f37f60..15a73158 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/V2Writable.pm
@@ -1071,8 +1071,8 @@ sub unindex_todo ($$$) {
         return if $before == $after;
 
         # ensure any blob can not longer be accessed via dumb HTTP
-        run_die(['git', "--git-dir=$unit->{git}->{git_dir}",
-                qw(-c gc.reflogExpire=now gc --prune=all --quiet)]);
+        run_die($unit->{git}->cmd(qw(-c gc.reflogExpire=now gc
+                                --prune=all --quiet)));
 }
 
 sub sync_ranges ($$) {
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/ViewVCS.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/ViewVCS.pm
index f47c2703..83a83698 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/ViewVCS.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/ViewVCS.pm
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ sub stream_large_blob ($$) {
         my ($ctx, $res) = @_;
         $ctx->{-res} = $res;
         my ($git, $oid, $type, $size, $di) = @$res;
-        my $cmd = ['git', "--git-dir=$git->{git_dir}", 'cat-file', $type, $oid];
+        my $cmd = $git->cmd('cat-file', $type, $oid);
         my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd);
         $ctx->{env}->{'qspawn.wcb'} = $ctx->{-wcb};
         $qsp->psgi_yield($ctx->{env}, undef, \&stream_blob_parse_hdr, $ctx);
@@ -368,10 +368,9 @@ sub stream_patch_parse_hdr { # {parse_hdr} for Qspawn
 sub show_patch ($$) {
         my ($ctx, $res) = @_;
         my ($git, $oid) = @$res;
-        my @cmd = ('git', "--git-dir=$git->{git_dir}",
-                qw(format-patch -1 --stdout -C),
+        my $cmd = $git->cmd(qw(format-patch -1 --stdout -C),
                 "--signature=git format-patch -1 --stdout -C $oid", $oid);
-        my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new(\@cmd);
+        my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd);
         $ctx->{env}->{'qspawn.wcb'} = $ctx->{-wcb};
         $ctx->{patch_oid} = $oid;
         $qsp->psgi_yield($ctx->{env}, undef, \&stream_patch_parse_hdr, $ctx);
@@ -400,8 +399,8 @@ sub show_other ($$) { # just in case...
         my ($git, $oid, $type, $size) = @$res;
         $size > $MAX_SIZE and return html_page($ctx, 200,
                 ascii_html($type)." $oid is too big to show\n". dbg_log($ctx));
-        my $cmd = ['git', "--git-dir=$git->{git_dir}",
-                qw(show --encoding=UTF-8 --no-color --no-abbrev), $oid ];
+        my $cmd = $git->cmd(qw(show --encoding=UTF-8
+                        --no-color --no-abbrev), $oid);
         my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd);
         $qsp->{qsp_err} = \($ctx->{-qsp_err} = '');
         $qsp->psgi_qx($ctx->{env}, undef, \&show_other_result, $ctx);
@@ -487,8 +486,7 @@ sub show_tree ($$) { # also used by RepoTree
         my ($git, $oid, undef, $size) = @$res;
         $size > $MAX_SIZE and return html_page($ctx, 200,
                         "tree $oid is too big to show\n". dbg_log($ctx));
-        my $cmd = [ 'git', "--git-dir=$git->{git_dir}",
-                qw(ls-tree -z -l --no-abbrev), $oid ];
+        my $cmd = $git->cmd(qw(ls-tree -z -l --no-abbrev), $oid);
         my $qsp = PublicInbox::Qspawn->new($cmd);
         $ctx->{tree_oid} = $oid;
         $qsp->{qsp_err} = \($ctx->{-qsp_err} = '');
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/XapHelper.pm b/lib/PublicInbox/XapHelper.pm
index 2e20660e..c9957f64 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/XapHelper.pm
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/XapHelper.pm
@@ -172,6 +172,18 @@ sub cmd_mset { # to be used by WWW + IMAP
         }
 }
 
+sub srch_init_extra ($) {
+        my ($req) = @_;
+        my $qp = $req->{srch}->{qp};
+        for (@{$req->{Q}}) {
+                my ($upfx, $m, $xpfx) = split /([:=])/;
+                $xpfx // die "E: bad -Q $_";
+                $m = $m eq '=' ? 'add_boolean_prefix' : 'add_prefix';
+                $qp->$m($upfx, $xpfx);
+        }
+        $req->{srch}->{qp_extra_done} = 1;
+}
+
 sub dispatch {
         my ($req, $cmd, @argv) = @_;
         my $fn = $req->can("cmd_$cmd") or return;
@@ -179,8 +191,9 @@ sub dispatch {
                 or return;
         my $dirs = delete $req->{d} or die 'no -d args';
         my $key = join("\0", @$dirs);
+        my $new;
         $req->{srch} = $SRCH{$key} //= do {
-                my $new = { qp_flags => $PublicInbox::Search::QP_FLAGS };
+                $new = { qp_flags => $PublicInbox::Search::QP_FLAGS };
                 my $first = shift @$dirs;
                 my $slow_phrase = -f "$first/iamchert";
                 $new->{xdb} = $X->{Database}->new($first);
@@ -195,6 +208,9 @@ sub dispatch {
                 $new->{qp} = $new->qparse_new;
                 $new;
         };
+        $req->{srch}->{xdb}->reopen unless $new;
+        $req->{Q} && !$req->{srch}->{qp_extra_done} and
+                srch_init_extra $req;
         my $timeo = $req->{K};
         alarm($timeo) if $timeo;
         $fn->($req, @argv);
diff --git a/lib/PublicInbox/xap_helper.h b/lib/PublicInbox/xap_helper.h
index 3df3ce91..a30a8768 100644
--- a/lib/PublicInbox/xap_helper.h
+++ b/lib/PublicInbox/xap_helper.h
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ enum exc_iter {
 struct srch {
         int paths_len; // int for comparisons
         unsigned qp_flags;
+        bool qp_extra_done;
         Xapian::Database *db;
         Xapian::QueryParser *qp;
         char paths[]; // $shard_path0\0$shard_path1\0...
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ typedef bool (*cmd)(struct req *);
 struct req { // argv and pfxv point into global rbuf
         char *argv[MY_ARG_MAX];
         char *pfxv[MY_ARG_MAX]; // -A <prefix>
+        char *qpfxv[MY_ARG_MAX]; // -Q <user_prefix>[:=]<INTERNAL_PREFIX>
         size_t *lenv; // -A <prefix>LENGTH
         struct srch *srch;
         char *Pgit_dir;
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ struct req { // argv and pfxv point into global rbuf
         long sort_col; // value column, negative means BoolWeight
         int argc;
         int pfxc;
+        int qpfxc;
         FILE *fp[2]; // [0] response pipe or sock, [1] status/errors (optional)
         bool has_input; // fp[0] is bidirectional
         bool collapse_threads;
@@ -584,6 +587,31 @@ static bool srch_init(struct req *req)
         return true;
 }
 
+// setup query parser for altid and arbitrary headers
+static void srch_init_extra(struct req *req)
+{
+        const char *XPFX;
+        for (int i = 0; i < req->qpfxc; i++) {
+                size_t len = strlen(req->qpfxv[i]);
+                char *c = (char *)memchr(req->qpfxv[i], '=', len);
+
+                if (c) { // it's boolean "gmane=XGMANE"
+                        XPFX = c + 1;
+                        *c = 0;
+                        req->srch->qp->add_boolean_prefix(req->qpfxv[i], XPFX);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                // maybe it's a non-boolean prefix "blob:XBLOBID"
+                c = (char *)memchr(req->qpfxv[i], ':', len);
+                if (!c)
+                        errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "bad -Q %s", req->qpfxv[i]);
+                XPFX = c + 1;
+                *c = 0;
+                req->srch->qp->add_prefix(req->qpfxv[i], XPFX);
+        }
+        req->srch->qp_extra_done = true;
+}
+
 static void free_srch(void *p) // tdestroy
 {
         struct srch *srch = (struct srch *)p;
@@ -665,12 +693,17 @@ static void dispatch(struct req *req)
                         if (*end || req->threadid == ULLONG_MAX)
                                 ABORT("-T %s", optarg);
                         break;
+                case 'Q':
+                        req->qpfxv[req->qpfxc++] = optarg;
+                        if (MY_ARG_MAX == req->qpfxc) ABORT("too many -Q");
+                        break;
                 default: ABORT("bad switch `-%c'", c);
                 }
         }
         ERR_CLOSE(kfp, EXIT_FAILURE); // may ENOMEM, sets kbuf.srch
         kbuf.srch->db = NULL;
         kbuf.srch->qp = NULL;
+        kbuf.srch->qp_extra_done = false;
         kbuf.srch->paths_len = size - offsetof(struct srch, paths);
         if (kbuf.srch->paths_len <= 0)
                 ABORT("no -d args");
@@ -679,6 +712,7 @@ static void dispatch(struct req *req)
         req->srch = *s;
         if (req->srch != kbuf.srch) { // reuse existing
                 free_srch(kbuf.srch);
+                req->srch->db->reopen();
         } else if (!srch_init(req)) {
                 assert(kbuf.srch == *((struct srch **)tfind(
                                         kbuf.srch, &srch_tree, srch_cmp)));
@@ -687,6 +721,8 @@ static void dispatch(struct req *req)
                 free_srch(kbuf.srch);
                 goto cmd_err; // srch_init already warned
         }
+        if (req->qpfxc && !req->srch->qp_extra_done)
+                srch_init_extra(req);
         if (req->timeout_sec)
                 alarm(req->timeout_sec > UINT_MAX ?
                         UINT_MAX : (unsigned)req->timeout_sec);